Falhas do tipo CWE-125

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Leitura fora dos limites de memória

Ocorre quando o código tenta ler dados de uma posição de memória fora do intervalo alocado para um buffer ou array. O programa não valida o índice ou tamanho antes de acessar, causando leitura de dados inválidos, corrupção de informações ou revelação de dados sensíveis da memória adjacente.

Exemplo

Um processador de imagem PNG lê 4 bytes de um buffer de 2 bytes para validar uma assinatura, ou uma função copia uma string sem verificar se o índice fornecido pelo usuário extrapola o tamanho real do array. Em ambos os casos, dados fora do escopo pretendido são lidos.

Como mitigar

Sempre validar índices e comprimentos contra os limites reais do buffer antes de qualquer leitura. Usar funções seguras (ex: `strncpy` em vez de `strcpy`, bounds-checking em loops) e implementar testes com entradas extremas (size zero, índices negativos, valores muito grandes).

CVE-2022-35926MEDIUMOut-of-bounds read in IPv6 neighbor solicitation in Contiki-NGEPSS 1.3%CVE-2023-26489CRITICALGuest-controlled out-of-bounds read/write on x86_64 in wasmtimeEPSS 1.3%CVE-2026-33096HIGHHTTP.sys Denial of Service VulnerabilityEPSS 1.2%CVE-2020-16236—anasonic FPWIN ProEPSS 1.2%CVE-2021-22655—Multiple out-of-bounds read issues have been identified in the way the application processes project files, allowing an attacker to craft a EPSS 1.2%CVE-2024-51569HIGHApache NimBLE: Lack of input sanitization leading to out-of-bound reads in Number of Completed Packets HCI event handlerEPSS 1.2%CVE-2023-40576MEDIUMOut-Of-Bounds Read in FreeRDPEPSS 1.2%CVE-2022-41988MEDIUMAn information disclosure vulnerability exists in the OpenImageIO::decode_iptc_iim() functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.3.1EPSS 1.2%CVE-1999-0029HIGHroot privileges via buffer overflow in ordist command on SGI IRIX systems.EPSS 1.2%CVE-2026-88123MEDIUMRole: DNS Server Denial of Service VulnerabilityEPSS 1.2%CVE-2026-88125MEDIUMRole: DNS Server Denial of Service VulnerabilityEPSS 1.2%CVE-2026-88130MEDIUMRole: DNS Server Denial of Service VulnerabilityEPSS 1.2%CVE-2026-83649MEDIUMWindows Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) Denial of Service VulnerabilityEPSS 1.2%CVE-2026-88129MEDIUMRole: DNS Server Denial of Service VulnerabilityEPSS 1.2%CVE-2023-38427CRITICALAn issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.3.8. fs/smb/server/smb2pdu.c in ksmbd has an integer underflow and out-of-bounds read iEPSS 1.2%CVE-2023-24900MEDIUMWindows NTLM Security Support Provider Information Disclosure VulnerabilityEPSS 1.2%CVE-2025-5456HIGHA buffer over-read vulnerability in Ivanti Connect Secure before 22.7R2.8 or 22.8R2, Ivanti Policy Secure before 22.7R1.5, Ivanti ZTA GatewaEPSS 1.2%CVE-2026-83667MEDIUMWindows Active Directory Domain Services Denial of Service VulnerabilityEPSS 1.2%CVE-2021-21410HIGHOut-of-bounds read in the 6LoWPAN implementationEPSS 1.2%CVE-2023-36766HIGHMicrosoft Excel Information Disclosure VulnerabilityEPSS 1.2%