Weaknesses of type CWE-441

159 results

Deputado Confuso (Proxy ou Intermediário Não Intencional)

Quando um componente intermediário (servidor, API, função, etc.) executa ações em nome de um cliente sem validar adequadamente quem realmente autorizou aquela ação, um atacante consegue explorar a confiança já estabelecida entre esse intermediário e outros sistemas. O intermediário acaba agindo como 'procurador involuntário' do atacante, realizando operações que o sistema final nunca autorizaria se a requisição viesse diretamente do atacante.

Example

Um servidor de cache proxy que aceita requisições GET de qualquer origem e as repassa a um serviço interno sem verificar se o cliente original deveria ter acesso àqueles dados. Um atacante faz o proxy buscar informações sensíveis do servidor interno e devolver para si, usando a confiança que o servidor interno tem no proxy.

How to mitigate

Valide a identidade e autorização do cliente original antes de repassar requisições para sistemas internos; use tokens ou assinaturas criptográficas que viagem junto com a requisição; implemente listas de origem segura (whitelist) rigorosas e autenticação mútua entre componentes intermediários e backends.

CVE-2025-48598MEDIUMIn multiple locations, there is a possible way to alter the primary user's face unlock settings due to a confused deputy. This could lead toEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-22441HIGHIn getContextForResourcesEnsuringCorrectCachedApkPaths of RemoteViews.java, there is a possible way to load arbitrary java code in a privileEPSS 0.1%CVE-2026-45003MEDIUMOpenClaw < 2026.4.22 - Connector Endpoint Host Override via Workspace dotenv FilesEPSS 0.1%CVE-2026-47122MEDIUMSparkle's AppInstaller post-stage-1 XPC listener accepts unvalidated connections, allowing spoofed appcast item data injectionEPSS 0.1%CVE-2023-31313HIGHAn unintended proxy or intermediary in the AMD power management firmware (PMFW) could allow a privileged attacker to send malformed messagesEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-48579HIGHIn multiple functions of MediaProvider.java, there is a possible external storage write permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This couEPSS 0.1%CVE-2026-0021HIGHIn hasInteractAcrossUsersFullPermission of AppInfoBase.java, there is a possible cross-user permission bypass due to a confused deputy. ThisEPSS 0.1%CVE-2023-40111HIGHIn setMediaButtonReceiver of MediaSessionRecord.java, there is a possible way to send a pending intent on behalf of system_server due to a cEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-48646HIGHIn executeRequest of ActivityStarter.java, there is a possible launch anywhere due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalationEPSS 0.1%CVE-2026-45182LOWGrapheneOS before 2026050400 allows attackers to discover the real IP address of a VPN user as a consequence of a registerQuicConnectionClosEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-26454HIGHIn validateUriSchemeAndPermission of DisclaimersParserImpl.java , there is a possible way to access data from another user due to a confusedEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-48545HIGHIn isSystemUid of AccountManagerService.java, there is a possible way for an app to access privileged APIs due to a confused deputy. This coEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-32324HIGHIn onCommand of ActivityManagerShellCommand.java, there is a possible arbitrary activity launch due to a confused deputy. This could lead toEPSS 0.1%CVE-2026-0008HIGHIn multiple functions of FaceEnroll.kt, there is a possible privilege escalation due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalatiEPSS 0.1%CVE-2026-45520HIGHIn onAttach of BiometricsSettingsBase.java, there is a possible authentication bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-48586HIGHIn onActivityResult of EditFdnContactScreen.java, there is a possible way to leak contacts from the work profile due to a confused deputy. TEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-48555HIGHIn multiple functions of NotificationStation.java, there is a possible cross-profile information disclosure due to a confused deputy. This cEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-48536HIGHIn grantAllowlistedPackagePermissions of SettingsSliceProvider.java, there is a possible way for a third party app to modify secure settingsEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-32326HIGHIn multiple functions of AppRestrictionsFragment.java, there is a possible way to bypass intent security check due to a confused deputy. ThEPSS 0.1%CVE-2025-32321HIGHIn isSafeIntent of AccountTypePreferenceLoader.java, there is a possible way to bypass an intent type check due to a confused deputy. This cEPSS 0.1%