CVE-2023-25577: high-severity vulnerability in pallets werkzeug
Werkzeug may allow high resource usage when parsing multipart form data with many fields
Published · Updated
21Vexday Risk Score
No sign of exploitation. No public exploitation artifact known so far.
ssvc Trackcvss 7.5epss 1.4%
exploitation probability
1.4%top 28% of all CVEs
observed exploitation
nono source reports it
Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. Prior to version 2.2.3, Werkzeug's multipart form data parser will parse an unlimited number of parts, including file parts. Parts can be a small amount of bytes, but each requires CPU time to parse and may use more memory as Python data. If a request can be made to an endpoint that accesses `request.data`, `request.form`, `request.files`, or `request.get_data(parse_form_data=False)`, it can cause unexpectedly high resource usage. This allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to an endpoint that will parse it. The amount of CPU time required can block worker processes from handling legitimate requests. The amount of RAM required can trigger an out of memory kill of the process. Unlimited file parts can use up memory and file handles. If many concurrent requests are sent continuously, this can exhaust or kill all available workers. Version 2.2.3 contains a patch for this issue.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Affected products
pallets · werkzeugRelated CVEs — pallets werkzeug
In the same product, most dangerous first.
CVE-2024-34069HIGHWerkzeug's improper usage of a pathname and improper CSRF protection results in the remote command executionEPSS 3.4%CVE-2024-49767MEDIUMWerkzeug possible resource exhaustion when parsing file data in formsEPSS 1.1%CVE-2023-46136HIGHWerkzeug vulnerable to high resource usage when parsing multipart/form-data containing a large part with CR/LF character at the beginningEPSS 1.1%CVE-2024-49766MEDIUMWerkzeug safe_join not safe on WindowsEPSS 0.8%CVE-2026-27199MEDIUMWerkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device namesEPSS 0.5%CVE-2025-66221MEDIUMWerkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device namesEPSS 0.5%
References
https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0003/https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5470