CVE-2024-45039: medium-severity vulnerability in Consensys gnark
gnark's Groth16 commitment extension unsound for more than one commitment
Published
E-mail alert when it lands in KEV, gets a public PoC or its score goes up.
13Vexday Risk Score
No sign of exploitation. No public exploitation artifact known so far.
ssvc Trackcvss 6.2epss 0.2%
gnark is a fast zk-SNARK library that offers a high-level API to design circuits. Versions prior to 0.11.0 have a soundness issue - in case of multiple commitments used inside the circuit the prover is able to choose all but the last commitment. As gnark uses the commitments for optimized non-native multiplication, lookup checks etc. as random challenges, then it could impact the soundness of the whole circuit. However, using multiple commitments has been discouraged due to the additional cost to the verifier and it has not been supported in the recursive in-circuit Groth16 verifier and Solidity verifier. gnark's maintainers expect the impact of the issue be very small - only for the users who have implemented the native Groth16 verifier or are using it with multiple commitments. We do not have information of such users. The issue has been patched in version 0.11.0. As a workaround, users should follow gnark maintainers' recommendation to use only a single commitment and then derive in-circuit commitments as needed using the `std/multicommit` package.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Affected products
Consensys · gnarkRelated CVEs — Consensys gnark
In the same product, most dangerous first.
CVE-2025-58157HIGHgnark affected by denial of service when computing scalar multiplication using fake-GLV algorithmEPSS 0.5%CVE-2024-45040MEDIUMgnark's commitments to private witnesses in Groth16 as implemented break zero-knowledge propertyEPSS 0.4%CVE-2024-50354MEDIUMOut-of-memory during deserialization with crafted inputsEPSS 0.3%CVE-2023-44378HIGHgnark vulnerable to unsoundness in variable comparison/non-unique binary decompositionEPSS 0.2%CVE-2025-57801HIGHgnark is vulnerable to signature malleability in EdDSA and ECDSA due to missing scalar checksEPSS 0.2%