CVE-2026-40494: critical vulnerability in HappySeaFox sail
SAIL has heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check
Published · Updated
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28Vexday Risk Score
No sign of exploitation. No public exploitation artifact known so far.
ssvc Trackcvss 9.8epss 0.3%
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Affected products
HappySeaFox · sailRelated CVEs — HappySeaFox sail
In the same product, most dangerous first.
CVE-2026-54627CRITICALSAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL PSD decoder (Bitmap mode ignores depth)EPSS 0.8%CVE-2026-54626CRITICALSAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL TGA decoder (indexed-RLE bpp/stride mismatch)EPSS 0.8%CVE-2026-27168HIGHSAIL: Heap-based Buffer Overflow in Sail-codecs-xwdEPSS 0.4%CVE-2026-40492CRITICALSAIL has heap buffer overflow in XWD decoder — bits_per_pixel vs pixmap_depth type confusion in byte-swapEPSS 0.4%CVE-2026-40493CRITICALSAIL has heap buffer overflow in PSD decoder — bpp mismatch in LAB 16-bit modeEPSS 0.4%CVE-2026-54692HIGHSAIL: XBM X10 decoder writes 2 bytes per literal into a 1-byte-per-literal buffer (heap out-of-bounds write)EPSS 0.2%