APT39

Origin🇮🇷 Irã

Techniques (MITRE ATT&CK)53

SourceMITRE ATT&CK

Attribution confidence: 50%

Also known as:Burgundy SandstormCINDER IONCOBALT HICKMANChaferG0087ITG07REMIX KITTENRadio SerpensRemix KittenTA454

About the group

APT39 is one of several names for cyber espionage activity conducted by the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) through the front company Rana Intelligence Computing since at least 2014. APT39 has primarily targeted the travel, hospitality, academic, and telecommunications industries in Iran and across Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America to track individuals and entities considered to be a threat by the MOIS.

Attack chain

Plausible scenario built from the group's real techniques, ordered by the phases of an attack. Each step shows how the group typically operates.

Arsenal severity74

Impact: High

Illustrative chain derived from techniques documented in MITRE ATT&CK — it does not represent a specific past attack. Severity summarizes the known arsenal (kill-chain coverage, actively exploited CVEs, techniques).

Techniques (MITRE ATT&CK) 53

How the group operates, mapped to the MITRE ATT&CK matrix and organized by the phases of an attack.

Resource development

Tool

Initial access

Exploit Public-Facing Application Spearphishing Attachment Spearphishing Link

Execution

Scheduled Task Command and Scripting Interpreter PowerShell Visual Basic Python AutoHotKey & AutoIT Malicious Link Malicious File Service Execution

Persistence

Local Account Web Shell Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder Shortcut Modification

Privilege escalation

AppInit DLLs

Credential access

OS Credential Dumping LSASS Memory Brute Force Credentials from Password Stores

Discovery

Query Registry Remote System Discovery System Owner/User Discovery Network Service Discovery File and Directory Discovery Network Share Discovery

Lateral movement

Remote Desktop Protocol SMB/Windows Admin Shares SSH

Collection

Data from Local System Input Capture Keylogging Local Data Staging Screen Capture Clipboard Data Archive via Utility

Command and control

Web Protocols DNS Internal Proxy External Proxy Bidirectional Communication Ingress Tool Transfer

Exfiltration

Exfiltration Over C2 Channel

defense-impairment

Code Signing Policy Modification

stealth

Software Packing Encrypted/Encoded File Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location File Deletion Valid Accounts Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information BITS Jobs

Exploited vulnerabilities 2

CVEs this group is known to exploit, per MITRE ATT&CK. Ordered by real-world severity.

CVE-2014-7169CRITICALEPSS 100%KEV MITRE ATT&CK

CVE-2016-6662EPSS 68% MITRE ATT&CK

Known infrastructure 7

Real indicators (C2, domains, URLs and hashes) associated with the malware this group uses. Source: abuse.ch (ThreatFox, URLhaus, MalwareBazaar).

urlhttp://92.127.156.174:8880/master.exeMimiKatzthreatfox

md5_hashfec27228340485485f6902f8759bbd62MimiKatzthreatfox

sha256_hashf9d53fdcc12d548e6c9bd395642f30d2b2c6a9a4204bc0948badf8a7c571c072MimiKatzthreatfox

sha1_hash07b35a3b431e653ddcf36cecd49793d538e2aa79MimiKatzthreatfox

sha1_hashc5ec7e2ad924e832e49fbac9d0c82719b570e080MimiKatzthreatfox

md5_hash77c96f339974b65ae435313a8fcc3b35MimiKatzthreatfox

sha256_hash889cc3e793cb39889c7acc8e73a84973e9a08fcd69451f7b546509c74ffdda90MimiKatzthreatfox

References

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